Metabolic syndrome is burning topic presently, majority of adults are affected by metabolic syndrome, it constitutes nearly 25% of cases, and increasing trend is seen in patients with central obesity. Metabolic syndrome also known as the cardiometabolic syndrome refers to a cluster of related risk factors for cardiovascular disease that includes abdominal obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and elevated cholesterol. This study seeks to determine the prevalence of ms, its components and risk factors among a rural population in ghana based on two. The risk of metabolic syndrome in the hong kong general population is lower than that observed in western countries.
The metabolic syndrome metsy is increasingly common, both in australia and overseas. Thus, determination of metabolic syndrome would be inferior to the use of a specific risk assessment method such as the diabetes predicting model, which takes. Cardiometabolic syndrome cms is a complex cluster of risk factors for cardiovascular disease cvd and diabetes. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and obesityassociated. Nigeria, metabolic syndrome, cardio metabolic syndrome, syndrome x, world health organization, international diabetic federation, national cholesterol. The unadjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 35%. Prevalence and trends of metabolic syndrome among adults in. In the united states, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is higher in nonhispanic white men than. The preculture for type 2 diabetes has only recently been observed in children and the current obesity epidemic, so it is not surprising that pediatric metabolic syndrome is a relatively new term. Several other synonyms have been attached to this constellation of risk factors.
Causes, incidence, and risk factors metabolic syndrome is becoming more and more common in the united states. The current study was a populationbased survey of cohort of subjects in the metropolitan city of mumbai. The idf consensus worldwide definition of the metabolic. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among working adults in ethiopia. Metabolic syndrome is characterized by insulin resistance and the presence of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and diabetes mellitus type 2. The australian diabetes, obesity and lifestyle study ausdiab in 2000, found that 19% of australians aged 25 years and over met the criteria for a diagnosis of the metsy.
The metabolic syndrome ms is a multiplex risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease ascvd. A total of 548 subjects, who attended the cardiac evaluation camp, were recruited in the study. To evaluate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome mets according to the international diabetes federation idf and adult treatment panel atp iii criteria among working east african adults. Accordingly, the vast majority of patients with the metabolic syndrome.
Insulin resistance is a significant contributor to the metabolic syndrome. Understanding health risk indicators and proper application to worker. The typical abnormalities include impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidaemia, insulin resistance ir hyperinsulinemia, hypertension, upper body obesity, coagulation abnormalities, hyperuricemia, and polycystic ovarian syndrome in. Recommendations for treatment once a diagnosis of the metabolic syndrome is made, the future management of the condition should be aggressive and uncompromising in its aim to reduce the risk of cvd and type 2 diabetes. Limited information is available about the current burden of metabolic syndrome mets in china. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in a rural population. Aim of this study was to describe the prevalence of obesity, metabolic. Metabolic syndrome, prevalence of metabolic syndrome in geographic area e. The metabolic syndrome has become one of the major public health challenges worldwide. The idf consensus worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome.
Prevalence and trends of metabolic syndrome among adults. In recent years this syndrome has become much more common in the united states. Jan 21, 2017 the asiapacific region is home to nearly half of the worlds population. Metabolic syndrome prevention since insulin resistance, physical inactivity and excess weight are the main underlying contributors to the development metabolic syndrome, and all of these things are preventable, stopping metabolic syndrome before it starts is. This crosssectional study of 1,935 individuals 1,171 men and 764 women was conducted among working adults in addis ababa, ethiopia. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in a rural population in. Metabolic syndrome is a name for a group of risk factors that occur together and increase the risk for coronary artery disease, stroke, and type 2 diabetes. Metabolic syndrome also known as the cardiometabolic syndrome refers to a cluster of related risk factors for cardiovascular disease that includes abdominal obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and elevated cholesterol data from the world health organization suggests 65% of the worlds.
Metabolic syndrome and related disorders vol 16, no 6. The asiapacific region is home to nearly half of the worlds population. Metabolic syndrome and related disorders vol 16, no 5. You can have just one risk factor, but people often have several of them together. A total of 9 patients with a diagnosis of severe mental illness participated in the study. These metabolic derangements present significant risk factors for cardiovascular disease, which is commonly recognized as the primary clinical. Visser2 1departments of pharmacotherapy, cardiology and cardiothoracic surgery, academic medical centre, amsterdam, the netherlands, and 2department of cardiology, free university medical centre, amsterdam, the netherlands correspondence.
Nov 30, 2016 the prevalence of metabolic syndrome ms varies worldwide due to genetic and environmental factors. Oct 30, 2012 the metabolic syndrome ms which is a constellation of cardiometabolic risk factors including dyslipidaemia, hypertension, hyperglycaemia, central obesity, and endothelial dysfunction was hitherto relatively uncommon among africans south of the sahara. Most patients 80% with type 2 diabetes have metabolic syndrome, but the converse is not necessarily true. A panel for early detection, management, and risk stratification in the west virginian population krithika srikanthan 1, andrew feyh, haresh visweshwar, joseph i. Metabolic syndrome is defined by a constellation of interconnected physiological, biochemical, clinical, and metabolic factors that directly increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, type 2. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in chinese adolescents. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its individual components in south asia region. When you have at least three of them, it is called metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in south asia. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and metabolic syndrome. The bioshareeu healthy obese project aims to gain insights into the consequences of healthy obesity using data on risk factors and phenotypes across several largescale cohort studies. The 2002 china national nutrition and health survey is a nationally representative crosssectional study. Metabolic syndrome ms is a set of metabolic disorders that represent risk factors for cardiovascular disease cvd, atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus type 2 dm2.
Applying the criteria for us adolescents, we estimated the prevalence of metabolic syndrome among 2761 adolescents aged 15 to 19 years. Metabolic syndrome ms is characterised by a constellation of individual risk factors of cardiovascular disease. People with the metabolic syndrome are at increased risk for developing diabetes mellitus 1 and cardiovascular disease 2 as well as increased mortality from cardiovascular disease and all causes. This article provides a global overview of the current trends and distribution of metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among chinese adolescents overall was 37 % 10 % in us adolescents. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus dm is on the increase and with this scenario, a possible increase in burden of dm which may be largely attributed to cardiovascular complications is expected. Metabolic syndrome is the name for a group of risk factors for heart disease, diabetes, and other health problems.
Epidemiology metabolic syndrome affects approximately 24% of the us adult population. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome varies by defini tion used and population studied. The region has seen a recent rapid increase in the prevalence of obesity, type2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among us adults. Several expert groups have attempted to propose diagnostic criteria for the metabolic syndrome. Quality improvement initiative monitoring for metabolic syndrome for members taking antipsychotic medications metabolic syndrome is a cluster of features hypertension, central obesity, glucose intoleranceinsulin resistance and dyslipidemia that is predictive of both type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome amongst controls in our study was comparable to 19.
Metabolic syndrome mets is a clustering of abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and low hdl cholesterol, and it is associated with increased risk for. High blood pressure bp is a frequent component of ms, often associated with insulin resistance and central obesity 1, 2 and ms is an independent predictor of. Introduction metabolic syndrome is a complex disorder and an emerging clinical challenge. The presence of one component of metsyn increases the risk of developing metsyn later in life and likely represents a high lifetime burden of. The relative risk of metabolic syndrome in comparison with the general hong kong population was 2. For example, while obesity is a very consistent component of mets, it remains unclear if obesity is a cause or consequence of mets. Various criteria have been given by idf, who, other diabetic societies all over the world. Metabolic risk factors and abnormalities such as obesity and hypertension are rapidly rising among the chinese population following chinas tremendous economic growth and widespread westernization of lifestyle in recent decades. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and metabolically. A search was conducted on pubmed, scopus and ovidsp medline and embase using the term metabolic syndrome, prevalence and the name of each south asian country for studies published on or after the year 2000. Metabolic syndrome prevalence by raceethnicity and sex in. A search for each risk factor and its relation to mets was conducted. It is considered a multiplex cardiovascular risk factor, in that each component of the cluster of abnormalities is a risk factor in its own right.
About 34 percent of adult americans are estimated to have it. Mar 16, 2017 among us adults aged 18 years or older, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome rose by more than 35% from 19881994 to 20072012, increasing from 25. Preventing chronic disease influence of change in aerobic. Sep 02, 2014 metabolic syndrome ms is a set of metabolic disorders that represent risk factors for cardiovascular disease cvd, atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus type 2 dm2. Jun 05, 2012 the metabolic syndrome is the clustering of several cardiometabolic risk factors that can lead to the development of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes. We analyzed data on metabolic risk factors among 22,457 adults. Another alarming trend is the increased incidence of metabolic syndrome in young people. The metabolic syndrome mets is a cardiovascular risk factor of public health significance and of recent has become a topical issue. Risk of developing metabolic syndrome increases as we age. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome ms varies worldwide due to genetic and environmental factors. Edwards school of medicine, marshall university, usa 2. Developing this new synthesis and analysis of the metabolic syndrome will bring together the viewpoints of epidemiologists, physiologists, molecular biologistsbiochemists, and clinicians toward understanding the current state of knowledge of both the causes and consequences of the metabolic syndrome.
Following the original description of the syndrome, there has been expansion of knowledge on the pathogenesis of metabolic and vascular alterations in mets. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in saudi arabia was found to be 39. Pdf prevalence of metabolic syndrome in saudi arabia a. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adults 20 years of age and over, by sex, age, race and ethnicity, and body mass index. Not all obese subjects have an adverse metabolic profile predisposing them to developing type 2 diabetes or cardiovascular disease. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among urban community.
A patient is considered to have metabolic syndrome if heshe has 3 or more of the risk criteria. Jun 20, 20 metabolic risk factors and abnormalities such as obesity and hypertension are rapidly rising among the chinese population following chinas tremendous economic growth and widespread westernization of lifestyle in recent decades. Table2 model 2 shows the relation of the metabolic syndrome to inflammatory biomarkers after adjusting for the components of the metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome ms which is a constellation of cardiometabolic risk factors including dyslipidaemia, hypertension, hyperglycaemia, central obesity, and endothelial dysfunction was hitherto relatively uncommon among africans south of the sahara. Study finds high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in u.
Mets is a cluster of cardiovascular disease risk factors associated with insulin resistance within individuals that increase the risk for diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and adverse cardiovascular outcomes. The objective of this report is to determine the prevalence. The ultimate importance of metabolic syndrome is that it helps identify individuals at high risk for both type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease cvd. In addition to syndrome x, several other synonyms have been proposed such as deadly quartet, drop syndrome dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, obesity, and high blood pressure, reaven syndrome, multiple metabolic syndrome, and insulin resistance syndrome. Patients with severe mental illness are at increased risk of developing metabolic disorders. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among working adults in. Data from the national health and nutrition examination survey nhanes 19992006 reported a metabolic syndrome prevalence of 34 percent. Metabolic monitoring and interventions for reducing metabolic syndrome in patients treated with atypical antipsychotics. The analytic sample consisted of 3,423 adults, 20 years of age and over, from nhanes 20032006. Metabolic syndrome is present in 10% of women and 15% of men with normal glucose tolerance. A populationbased crosssectional study, with 37,582 participants recruited in nantong, china.
Individuals with mets or insulin resistance syndrome are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus 10,11 and at increased risk of mortality from cvd 12 15. Metsyn prevalence is present in approximately 25% of all adults with increased prevalence in advanced ages. Metabolic syndrome metsyn represents a clustering of different metabolic abnormalities. Individuals with the cms are at increased risk of developing diabetes mellitus and cvd as well as increased. Thus, determination of metabolic syndrome would be inferior to the use of a specific risk assessment method such as the diabetes predicting model, which takes family history into account. Pdf prevalence of metabolic syndrome in urban india. Among us adults aged 18 years or older, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome rose by more than 35% from 19881994 to 20072012, increasing from 25. This crosssectional study aimed to estimate the prevalence. Assess the relationship between metabolic syndrome and the risk of cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Black african and female patients were more likely to have metabolic syndrome. A search for the association between mets and cvd and mets and t2dm was conducted and also a search of cvd and t2dm alone. Metabolic syndrome causes prevention treatment by ryan. In that setting, metabolic syndrome remained significantly associated only with pselectin p 0. Jan 12, 2010 the metabolic syndrome mets is a cardiovascular risk factor of public health significance and of recent has become a topical issue. We analyzed data on metabolic risk factors among 22,457 adults aged. The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence of individual risk factors for metabolic syndrome as well as the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the national health and nutrition examination survey nhanes 20032006. Drug therapy and the metabolic syndrome general aspects although the preventive measures described above should always be the primary approach to intervention in patients with the metabolic syndrome, this approach is not always successful, in particular in the long term. The idf consensus worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome page 4 of 7 part 3. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its associated. Prevalence and gender distribution of the metabolic syndrome. Assess the role of abdominal obesity and insulin resistance in the development and pathophysiology of metabolic syndrome. During 20072012, nonhispanic black men were less likely than nonhispanic white men to have metabolic syndrome odds ratio or, 0.
The term metabolic syndrome describes a cluster of metabolic alterations associated with excess fat weight. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in various populations. The metabolic syndrome is combination of health conditions such as obesity, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, poor lipid profile that contribute to cardiovascular illness and death. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and premetabolic syndrome in. This study seeks to determine the prevalence of ms, its components and risk factors among a rural population in ghana based on two popular.
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