The purpose of adopting molybdate as the specific inhibitor of sulfate reduction was mainly to investigate the role of specific bacteria sulfatereducing bacteria in the degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons under sulfatereducing conditions. Environmental degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. Petroleum hydrocarbons phs are a big group of chemicals that have caused a major concern because of their widespread distribution into the environment, bioaccumulation potential, harmful effects and biodegradation resistance. Separation of petroleum hydrocarbons from soil and. Rates of biodegradation depend greatly on the composition, state, and concentration of the oil or hydrocarbons, with dispersion and emulsification. Microbial degradation of petroleum biodegradation of hcs is a complex process depending on. Priya a, mandal ak, ball as, manefield m, lal b, sarma pm 2015 mass culture strategy for bacterial yeast coculture for degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in marine environment. It also discusses factors affecting biodegradation rate, microbial metabolism of petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants, pathways for hydrocarbon pollutants degradation and types of bioremediation technologies as well as processes. Petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants are recalcitrant compounds and are classified as priority pollutants.
Comparative studies on bacterial consortia for hydrocarbon. Petroleum hydrocarbons and chlorinated solvents differ in. The charge output of soil microbial fuel cells mfcs was enhanced by 262%, and the total petroleum hydrocarbon degradation rate increased by 200%. Not all hydrocarbonoclasic microbes depend on hydrocarbons. The concentration of total petroleum hydrocarbons tph, c 10. The selected two bacterial strains were named as db1 and db2. Pdf microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. One of the major environmental problems today is hydrocarbon contamination resulting from the activities related to the petrochemical industry. The ubiquitous occurrence, recalcitrance, bioaccumulation potential and toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons have gained significant environmental concern. Aug 20, 2014 microbial degradation of hydrocarbons. The journal of american science, 23, 2006, adebusoye, et al, microbial degradation of hydrocarbons okpokwasili and ibe, 1987. Degradation experiments were performed under aerobic conditions in sealed bottles containing. Naphthalene has often been used as a model compound to investigate the ability of bacteria to degrade pahs because it is the simplest and the most soluble pah. High salinity concentration has a great impact on the physiological characteristics and life activities of microorganisms, including disruption cell membrane, denaturationof enzyme, and reduction of solubility of oxygen and hydrocarbons.
Petroleum hydrocarbons utilizing microorganisms are ubiquitously distributed in environment. You may need a pdf reader to view some of the files on this page. Final report biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in. We are committed to sharing findings related to covid19 as quickly and safely as possible. Apart from forming breeding centres for mosquitoes, the vector of the causative agent of many tropical diseases such as malaria, many economic plants and marine lives are destroyed by oil pollution nwankwo and irrechukwu, 1987. Degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons of pco in sea water by identified bacteria identified bacteria 16 h old, 5. Apr 23, 2014 degradation of hydrocarbons in hypersaline environments. Presence of other reactive or absorbing substances and environmental conditions have shown to influence the fate and degradation rates of hydrocarbons in the environment. Bioremediation is a noninvasive and cost effective technique for the cleanup of these petroleum hydrocarbons. Pdf microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon. Anaerobic degradation of oil hydrocarbons by sulfatereducing. Petroleum is a complex mixture of different hydrocarbons including aliphatic linear or branched, cycloalkanes, mono and polyaromatics, asphaltenes and resins and majority of these compounds are stable, toxic, and carcinogenic philip et al. Traxler rw, flannery wl 1968 mechanism of hydrocarbon degradation. Accidental releases of petroleum products are of particular concern in the environment.
Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is a complex process that depen ds on the type and amount of hydrocarbons present 3. Mechanism of degrading petroleum hydrocarbons by compound. Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants. This was supported by the previous study which indicated that the amount of adsorbable fraction for the wellaged petroleum hydrocarbon is very less with only 57. Figure 3 shows the initial attack on xenobiotics by oxygenases 75. In the present study crude oil degradation were analyzed using isolated bacterial strains. Biodegradation of crude petroleum in an acid soil ph 4. Hydrocarbons in the environment are biodegraded pri marily by bacteria. In addition, information on the degradation of petroleum compounds in oilbrine soil is scant. If exposed to the environment they can be hazardous to the surroundings as well as life forms. Petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in terrestrial. In this study we have investigated the ability of microorganisms present in the soil itself to degrade these hydrocarbons so that contaminated soils can be treated using microbial consortium. Degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by oil field isolated. Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in a.
Where bacterial degradation results in total degradation of nearly all hydrocarbons light is only able to make some photochemical modifications in the hydrocarbons. Petroleum microbiology is a branch of microbiology that deals with the study of microorganisms that can metabolize or alter crude or refined petroleum. Hydrocarbons differ in their susceptibility to microbial. Fungal degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons was negatively affected by the presence of other simplertodegrade carbon sources in the medium. Nine bacterial strains, namely, pseudomonas fluorescens, p. Environmental applications of microbial extremophiles in. Petroleum hydrocarbons and chlorinated hydrocarbons differ in. In addition, biodegradation of chlorinated solvents can produce toxic degradation products, such as dichloroethylene and vinyl chloride, while petroleum degradation usually produces carbon dioxide, water, and sometimes methane or other simple hydrocarbons. The present paper summarizes investigations into the anaerobic degradability of crude oil as a complex mixture of hydrocarbons. Since the hc mixtures differ markedly in volatility, solubility and susceptibility to degradation, it is therefore evident that the necessary enzymes needed cannot be found in a single organism. Table 1 microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon. Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in hypersaline environments. Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons ncbi.
Remediation of petroleum contaminated sites could be. Atlas rm 1981 microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons, an environmental perspective. Floodgate 12 listed 25 genera of hydrocarbon degrading bacteria and 25 genera of hydrocarbon degrading fungi, which were mukherjee an overview on microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminants jahangeer and vikram kumar. The extensive biodegradation of alkyl aromatics occurred prior to detectable. A process for the microbial degradation of petroleum by treating the petroleum or oil with particular microorganisms which are capable of utilizing hydrocarbons as an energy and carbon source. Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbon and its in.
Many hypersaline environments are often contaminated with petroleum compounds. Cleaning up of these pollutants from environment is a real world problem. Anaerobic biodegradation of saturated and aromatic. Several bacteria are even known to feed exclusively on hydrocarbons 11.
Land polluted with petroleum hydrocarbons phcs is a major problem throughout the world. Initial microbial degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons article highlights bacterial pah degradation was studied using 2,6dichlorophenolindophenol assay and gc analysis rhodococcus sp. The degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons can be mediated by specific enzyme system. Corresponding author introduction an extensive soil contamination with petroleum hydrocarbons was found in a former meteorological and radio station located in northern quebec, canada. Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons 20 gkg dw soil was investigated in 3 media, differing in the kind of petroleum fractions. An overview on microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbon. Formation of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons biological formation among hydrocarbons formed by living organisms, one may. Recent studies in microbial degradation of petroleum. Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in a polluted tropical stream in lagos, nigeria was reported by adebusoye et al.
Environmental degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons utrecht. Assessing in situ degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons by indigenous microbial communities author. Degradation by such isolates has been investigated thoroughly and results have revealed that they can completely degrade most classes of hydrocarbons, including alkanes, alkenes, alkynes and aromatic compounds. The present research was undertaken to isolate and characterize petroleum hydrocarbon degrading microbes from shipbreaking yards at vatiary and kumira coast in chittagong. The degradation efficiency of the isolates in consortium was checked with 2% crude oil by shake flask transformation in mineral salt medium, at 37c for 24 days. Biodegradation of petroleum in seawater at low temperatures. The alephatics the aromatics the asphaltenes phenols, fatty acids, ketones, esters, and porphyrins, and the resins pyridines, quinolines, carbazoles. Because conventional microbiological processes do not function well at elevated salinities. Microbial degradation ofhydrocarbons in the environment. Introduction the biodegradation of petroleum and other hydrocarbons in the environment is a complex process, whos quantitative and qualitative aspects depend on the nature and amount of the oil or hydrocarbons present, the ambient and seasonal environmental. Furthermore, bacteria and also fungi contribute to the degradation of hydrocarbons in the soil atlas 1985. The degradation mechanisms have shown enormous influence not only on degradation but also on physical and chemical properties of. Introduction petroleum and petroleum product spills both o shore and onshore can lead to severe environmental pollution.
For instance, largescale accidental spills in oceanic regions pose a great threat to the marine ecosystem. Enhanced biodegradation of aged petroleum hydrocarbons in. However there are only a few reports available on involvement of. Whereas degradation of hydrocarbons by oxygenrespiring microorganisms has been known for nearly one century, utilization of hydrocarbons under anoxic conditions has been investigated only during the past ten years. The optimum ph for biodegradation of hydrocarbons is around 68 22. Other mechanisms involved are 1 attachment of microbial cells to the substrates and 2 production of biosurfactants 76. Varjani sj 2017 microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. The alephatics the aromatics the asphaltenes phenols, fatty acids, ketones, esters, and porphyrins, and the resins pyridines, quinolines. All of these hydrocarbons groups are toxic for the environment, but especially the pahs and their degradation products are known for their carcinogenic properties. For information about anaerobic degradation of alkenes and alkynes, the reader is referred to other overview articles 4,5. This study investigated the impacts of crude oil, diesel, and gasoline on the diversity of indigenous microbial communities as well as culturable microorganisms in the studied soil.
Evaluation of petroleum hydrocarbons adsorbtion and. According to the increased dehydrogenase and polyphenol oxidase activities, the exogenetic glucose substantially activated hydrocarbon degradation bacteria such as alcanivorax. Evaluation of petroleumdegrading potential of bacteria from water and sediment. One way of the twoway connector was used for nutrient injection. Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation of hcs is a complex process depending on.
Oxidation of mono and dicyclic hydrocarbons by soil isolates of the genus nocardia. Unpolluted soils were more diverse and evenly distributed than contaminated. Enhanced biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in. Microbial diversity changes and enrichment of potential. In biodegradation microorganisms gain energy during pollutant degradation that can be utilized for metabolism also they obtain carbon an essential component of all cellular constituents so it can be said that biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is energetically favourable abbasian et al.
Biodegradation of petroleum compound using the bacterium. May 03, 2015 microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons biodegradation of hcs is a complex process depending on. The effects of selective microbial activity on hydrocarbon accelerants have been examined both in vitro and in simulated arson residues. Specialized hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria shcb, which use limited carbon sources with a preference for petroleum hydrocarbons, were found. These methods include physical based methods as evaporation of hydrocarbons and biodegradation methods by stimulation of bacteria able to degrade. Microbial degradation of hydrocarbons in the environment. Dibble and bartha 51 reported increases in co2evolution overthe range of1. The diesel degradation paths included surface adsorption, cell uptake, and biodegradation. Petroleum hydrocarbon compounds bind to soil components, and they are difficult to be removed or degraded. Anaerobic degradation of alkanes and aromatic compounds has also been extensively studied, mainly in the context of bioremediation for hydrocarboncontaminated sites 30 31 32. Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in a polluted tropical stream. Addition of biochar enhanced the bioelectrochemical degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. Petroleum microbiology is a branch of microbiology that deals with the study of microorganisms that can metabolize or alter crude or refined petroleum products. Among these, oil and natural gas production sites all over the world and hundreds of kilometers of coastlines in the more arid regions of gulf countries are of major concern due to the extent and magnitude of contamination.
Biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil by microbial. Such degradation can occur aerobically, with oxygen, or anaerobically, with nitrate, ferric iron, sulfate or other electron acceptors. These microorganisms, also called hydrocarbonoclastic microorganisms, can degrade hydrocarbons and, include a wide distribution of bacteria, methanogenic archaea, and some fungi. Therefore, information of bacterial degradation of naphthalene has been used to understand and predict pathways in the degradation of three or more ring pahs. Therefore, the main purpose of this project was to demonstrate the potential of indigenous halophilic or halotolerant bacteria to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons and to try to optimize conditions for enhanced rates.
Two groups of pseudomonas species that assimilate components of common petroleum based accelerants have been found. Results showed that cp contained appreciable amounts of some biodegradation. Oil contamination led to shifts in the diversity of the soils microbial communities, regardless of the contaminant applied. Y consortium preferentially degraded the aromatic hydrocarbon fractions in kerosene, while f consortium preferentially degraded the aliphatic hydrocarbon fractions. Sep 15, 2010 in this study, the abilities of two microbial consortia y and f to degrade aliphaticaromatic hydrocarbon mixtures were investigated. Microorganisms use phs as sources of food that can be easily found in enormous amounts near places exposed to oil contamination, such as crude oil seeps, shipping lanes, ports, oil fields, gas stations and other similar facilities. Evaluation of petroleum hydrocarbons adsorbtion and biodegradation by pseudomonas aeruginosa cells entrapped into silicaalginate beads malgorzata mizielinska, urszula kowalska, lukasz lopusiewicz center of bioimmobilisation and innovative packaging materials, faculty of food sciences and fisheries, west pomeranian university of technology. Isolation and characterization of bacteria from refinery.
Microbial biodegradation is the use of bioremediation and biotransformation methods to harness the naturally occurring ability of microbial xenobiotic metabolism to degrade, transform or accumulate environmental pollutants, including hydrocarbons e. The susceptibility of hydrocarbons to microbial degradation can be generally ranked as follows. Pdf microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in a. The petroleum hydrocarbon contaminations are frequent in the extreme environments where the temperature, ph, salt concentrations, andor pressure vary from normal conditions. Petroleum hydrocarbon consists of alkanes aliphatic compounds with up to 40 or more carbon. Separation of hydrocarbons from soil and ground water 223 figure 1. Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons springerlink. Bioremediation has become a major method employed in restoration of petroleum hydrocarbon polluted environments that makes use of natural microbial biodegradation activity. Biodegradation of hydrocarbons in the environment microbial degradation of hydrocarbons may apply also to soil ecosystems. Dumping of waste petroleum products, for example, lead to an elevated loading of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil, which results in significant decline in the quality of soil and makes it unfit for use shabir et al. Degradation of hydrocarbons in hypersaline environments. Microbial degradation is one of the most promising mechanisms for removing the petroleum hydrocarbon pollutants from the environment 810. Diverse microorganisms strains of bacteria, fungi, yeast, algae etc. Hydrocarbons differ in their susceptibility to microbial attack.
This document describes how petroleum hydrocarbons and chlorinated solvents behave differently in the subsurface and how these differences can influence whether there is a potential for vapor intrusion to occur. Some petroleum hydrocarbon pollution degrading microbes have the capability to biodegrade aliphatic hydrocarbons. Alkanes up to c 30 and aromatic compounds may be anaerobically degraded in the presence of terminal electron acceptors, such as nitrate. Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons request pdf.
Pdf biodegradation of petroleum hydrocarbons in soil. Noincrease was observed at a level of 10%, and the rates declined at 15%. Hydrocarbons in the environment are biodegraded primarily by bacteria, yeast, and fungi. Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons is one of the major practices in natural decontamination process. A fieldlevel feasibility study was conducted to determine total petroleum hydrocarbon tphdegrading potential of two bacterial strains, bacillus thuringiensis b3 and b. Bacterial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons springerlink. Kasthuri venkateswaran, hiroki tanaka, shyoko komukai, haruhisa toki, tokuro iwabuchi, and shigetoh miyachi 1993 ecodynamics of oildegrading bacteria and significance of marine mixed populations in the degradation of petroleum. Pdf bacterial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons. Preferential utilization of petroleum oil hydrocarbon. Bioelectrochemical stimulation of petroleum hydrocarbon. Bacterial strains were isolated from the crude oil contaminated soil sample. Microbial degradation of petroleum hydrocarbons sciencedirect. The kinetics of hydrocarbon metabolism are discussed and.
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